针对目前地铁隧道地下导线网布设形式易受旁折光影响、控制点使用困难和横向贯通误差大等问题，提出一种基于空间自由设站连续传递法的地铁隧道控制测量新方法，将稳健抗差估计理论和方差分量估计理论综合用于设站点三维坐标复合迭代高精度定权，结合IGGIII权函数推导地铁隧道Helmert空间自由设站间接平差数学模型及其线性化误差方程的严密公式。地面1︰1模拟试验表明：所提方法的数学模型可以合理确定三类观测值的权比，同时能够抵抗导线点受施工环境影响所含的数据粗差对解算结果的影响；与全导线网、交叉导线网、棱形导线网对比，新方法横向贯通精度高、网形强度强，是一种更为有效实用的地铁隧道洞内控制测量方法，已在西安地铁6号线丈八四路站至丈八一路站区间隧道工程中推广应用。

To solve the problem that the underground traverse network layout of metro tunnels is susceptible to side-folding light, difficult to use control points, and large lateral breakthrough errors, a new method for metro tunnel control measurement based on a space-free station continuous transmission method is proposed. A robust estimation theory and variance component estimation theory are added to the free-station’s three-dimensional coordinate compound iteration and high-precision weighting. The IGGIII weight function is used to derive an indirect adjustment mathematical model of the free station of the Helmert space in the subway tunnel and a strict formula of the linearized error equation. A ground 1︰1 simulation test shows that the mathematical model of the proposed method can reasonably determine the weight ratio of the three types of observations. At the same time, the model can resist the influence of the gross error of the data points affected by the construction environment on the solution results. When compared with the entire wire mesh, crosswire mesh, and prismatic wire mesh, the results show that the new method has high lateral breakthrough precision and good graphic strength, and is more effective and practical than the metro tunnel internal control measurement method. Thus, this new method has been promoted and applied in the section tunnel project from Zhangbasi Road Station to Zhangbayi Road Station of Xi’an Metro Line 6.

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