近年来，我国城市轨道交通快速发展，运营规模保持高速增长。轨道交通不仅初始建设投资大，进入运 营期后支出压力同样较大。“十四五”期间，如何实现城市轨道交通的高质量发展，实现城市轨道交通运营经济 的可持续发展，是各城市亟需研究和解决的重要问题。从运营成本、运营收入两方面入手，详细论述国内 13 座 典型城市轨道交通的运营成本、票务收入和非票务收入，总结城市轨道交通运营收支特点，并结合东京地下铁和 香港地铁的运营收支情况进行对标分析。借鉴先进经验，提出城市轨道交通运营经济可持续发展的关键在于开源 节流，通过有效降低运营成本，提高运营效率吸引客流，大力发展关联业务，实现外部效益内部化，以期为城市 轨道交通发展提供有益帮助。

In recent years, China’s urban rail transit system has developed rapidly, and its operational scale has maintained rapid growth. Rail transit not only has a high initial construction investment, but a large expenditure is also incurred during the period of operation. During the 14th five-year plan, realizing the development of a high quality urban rail transit system and achieving a sustainable operating economy is an important problem that cities need to study and solve. This study analyzes the operation cost, ticket revenue, and non-ticket revenue of rail transit in 13 typical cities in China, summarizes the characteristics of operation revenue and expenditure, and conducts a benchmarking analysis based on the operating revenue and expenditure of the Tokyo Metro and Hong Kong Metro. Based on experience in advanced countries, the key to the sustainable development of an urban rail transit operating economy is to “open up sources and reduce expenditure” to effectively reduce operation costs, improve operation service levels to attract passenger flow, vigorously develop related businesses, and realize the internalization of external benefits. We hope to provide assistance for the development of urban rail transit.

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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB1201104)