采用热环境实测和调查问卷相结合的研究方法，研究西安地铁2号线过渡季、冬季车站及轿厢热环境和热舒适情况。分析了西安地铁2号线5个典型代表车站及轿厢秋季过渡季和供暖季（2020年9月~2021年2月）的温度变化规律。研究发现，冬季北客站地铁站的出入口和站厅平均温度分别为4.14℃和8.74℃，不满足地铁设计规范（GB 50157-2013）要求；并分析出西安地铁2号线秋季公共区域80%满意率舒适区温度范围是15.7~22.8℃，轿厢是18.7~24.3℃，冬季公共区域80%满意率舒适区温度范围是12.3~16.1℃。本文采用热感觉投票(TSV)和热损失率(HDR)相结合的方法对地铁站热环境进行评价，对比调查问卷结果，对HDR进行修正，得到适用于西安地铁冬季热环境评价指标。该研究为地铁站内通风空调系统的设计和运行管理提供了可靠的基础数据，有利于地铁乘客舒适热环境的营造。

This study used a combination of thermal environment measurement and thermal comfort questionnaire to investigate the temperature variation of five representative stations and carriages of Xi'an Metro Line 2 in autumn and winter (September 2020 ~ February 2021). In winter, the average temperature at the entrance and the station hall of BEIKEZHAN station was 4.14℃ and 8.74℃, which did not meet the requirements of the Code for design of metro (GB 50157-2013). The comfort zone of the metro public area and carriages were plotted and analyzed : the temperature range of 80% satisfaction comfort zone in public area of Xi'an Metro Line 2 was from 15.7 to 22.8℃ during autumn, from 18.7 to 24.3℃ in the carriage, and from 12.3 to 16.1℃ in public area during winter. In this article, the thermal environment of metro station was evaluated by the combination of thermal sensation vote (TSV) and heat deficit rate (HDR). Compared with the results of the questionnaire, HDR was modified to obtain the thermal environment evaluation index suitable for Xi'an metro in winter. The study provided reliable basic data for the design and operation management of ventilation and air condition system in metro station, which was conducive to the construction of comfortable thermal environment for metro passengers.

国家自然科学基金 (批准号：52008025)