装配式车站先后在长春、青岛、深圳等地得到了广泛应用，装配式车站的接缝宽度是决定装配式车站拼装质量及防水效果的重要因素。为了进一步提高装配式车站拼装质量，更好的控制装配式车站的接缝宽度，本文以深圳地铁装配式车站设计方案为例，重点分析了影响装配式车站纵向张拉力的影响因素及控制方法。分析表明：影响装配式车站纵向张拉力的因素主要有：张拉点位的布置、弹性密封垫橡胶材料的硬度、构件与接触体的摩擦力以及张拉过程中构件的施工姿态。橡胶密封垫的硬度是纵向张拉力的主要影响因素，应根据橡胶密封垫的硬度采用不同的张拉力控制值，以达到接缝要求的控制宽度；纵向张拉点位对橡胶密封垫的压紧均匀程度影响较大，在长大构件中纵向张拉点位间距5m左右，可有效控制沿纵向长度方向密封垫的压缩量差在1mm以内；侧墙构件以及拱顶构件在吊具没有完全卸载情况下张拉，可有效减少构件平动对接触防水密封垫的影响，同时有利于构件张拉到位；通过对施工现场纵向张拉力的监测，每环的张拉力并非定值，多分布于295kN~310kN，侧墙、顶板构件的张拉力略大于底板构件的张拉力。

Prefabricated metro station has been widely used in Changchun, Qingdao, Shenzhen and other cities. The joint width is an important factor in determining the assembly quality of prefabricated station. A case study of Shenzhen metro prefabricated station is undertaken to further improve the assembly quality of prefabricated station and better control the joint width of prefabricated stations. This paper emphatically analyzes the influencing factors and control methods of longitudinal tensioning force of prefabricated station. The result of the analysis shows that the main factors affecting the longitudinal tensioning force of prefabricated station are the layout of tension points, the stiffness of elastic gasket, the friction between components and contact object, and the construction attitude of components in the stretching process. Among them, the stiffness of rubber gasket is the main influencing factor of longitudinal tensioning force, so different control values of tensioning force should be adopted according to the stiffness of sealing gasket to achieve the control width of joints. In addition, the longitudinal tension point has a great effect on the compression uniformity of rubber gasket. Thus, the compression of rubber gasket can be effectively controlled within 1mm when the longitudinal tension point spacing of long and large components is about 5m. What’s more, the side wall components and the arch vault components are tensioned when the sling is not completely unloaded, which can effectively reduce the influence of the component translation on the contact waterproof gasket, and is conducive to the tension of the components in place. Through the monitoring of the longitudinal tensioning force at the construction site, it is found that the tensioning force of each ring is not constant which is mostly distributed in 295-310 kN and the tensile force of the side wall and roof components is slightly larger than that of the floor components.

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住建部研究开发项目(2020-K-14),国家重点研发计划(2017YFB1201104)