《地铁设计防火标准》第5章给出了车站安全疏散计算方法，要求站台疏散设施能保证乘客在4 min内撤离站台，6 min内抵达站厅或安全区域。该标准提供了撤离站台的时间计算公式及疏散控制原则。结合国内外规范中关于疏散计算的要求，分析其疏散理论和计算方法，探讨乘客疏散全过程疏散时间计算方法。在进行车站安全疏散计算时，提出如下建议：乘客撤离站台时间应以《地铁设计防火标准》为准；撤离至安全区的时间可按抵达安全区最长疏散路径分段步行总时间与乘客在楼梯、扶梯、闸机、通道等疏散设施处的滞留时间之和进行验算，超过3层或疏散路线通过多个楼层等复杂工况，建议在静态计算的基础上采用动态疏散模拟进行分析研究；当列车发生火灾时建议验算疏散乘客通过车门到站台的滞留时间。

Chapter 5 of the Standard for fire protection design of metro provides the calculation method for safe evacuation in stations, which requires that evacuation facilities on platforms shall have sufficient egress capacity to evacuate the passengers from the station platform within 4 min, and evacuation from the most remote point on the platform to the concourse or a point of safety within 6 min. The standard provides the calculation formula of platform evacuation time and the control principle. According to the stipulation of evacuation calculation in domestic and foreign codes, by analyzing the theory and method, one can determine the method for calculating egress time during the evacuation process. For calculating egress time, the following is suggested. The platform evacuation time shall comply with Standard for fire protection design of metro. The total evacuation time is the sum of the walking travel time for the longest exit route plus the waiting times at the various circulation elements, such as stairs, escalators, and fare barriers, if the evacuation condition is complex, such as when the station has more than three floors or evacuation routes through multiple floors. In addition to static calculation, a dynamic simulation analysis of evacuation is recommended. For the case of a fire on the train, one should calculate the waiting time of the passengers’ evacuation to the platform from the train door.

U231.1