利用城市轨道交通线路的富余能力提供货运服务的理论与实践研究方兴未艾，大体可分为客货混运和客 货混跑两种模式。目前理论研究多聚焦在客货混跑方案的优化上，实践则以服务于小批量货物的客货混运案例居 多。基于日本北越快线、高铁极速达、桃园机场捷运以及德国包裹城际项目实证案例，归纳客货混运和客货混跑 两种运输组织方式的特点。客货混运组织方案主要用于满足零散化的货运需求，利用车厢空间时应有必要的固定 设施以保障安全；建议采用“运装分离”方案，以提升装卸效率，减少对客运作业的干扰。在客货混跑案例中， 采用与客运列车速度接近的较高速度的货运专列，并在夜间进行运输，以保障时效性。

Theoretical and practical research on using the extra capacity of rail transit passenger lines to provide freight services is in the ascendant stage, which can be divided into two modes: adding dedicated freight trains to passenger-train timetables and using the residual space on passenger trains to fix freight transportation. At present, theoretical research mostly focuses on the optimization of mixed passenger- and freight transportation schemes and timetables, and the practices are mostly concerned with fixing small freight demand using the residual space on passenger trains. Based on empirical cases of Japan’s North Vietnam express line, high-speed rail express, Taoyuan airport MRT, and German parcel intercity (PIC), this paper summarizes the characteristics of the two modes of transportation. The organizational scheme of using the residual space on passenger trains to fix freight transportation is mainly used to meet scattered freight demand. When using carriage space, necessary fixed facilities should be provided to ensure safety. The separation of transportation and loading can improve the loading and unloading efficiencies and reduce the interference of passenger transport operations. In the case of adding dedicated freight trains to the passenger-train timetable, the speed of the freight trains should be close to the adopted passenger train speed, and the transport process organized at night can ensure timeliness.

U231.1

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021JMBM015)；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(71901022)