[关键词]
[摘要]
为优化地铁车厢内热流场环境,提升地铁车厢乘员的热舒适性,深入探究幅流风机不同性能参数对地铁 车厢内气流分布和乘员热舒适性的影响机制。首先以某B型地铁车厢乘员为研究对象,综合考虑乘员气流舒适感 和热感,提出联合应用DR-Berkeley热舒适性评价指标;然后,使用Stolwijk人体热调节生理模型,搭建幅流风 机三维模型和地铁车厢整体仿真模型;最后,通过CFD软件STAR-CCM+,使用 DR-Berkeley热舒适性评价指标, 以7种工况,分析夏季时不同风机转速、风罩扰动转速、风机送风温度对乘员部位微环境及热舒适性的影响。研 究结果表明:DR-Berkeley热舒适评价指标能合理评估地铁车厢乘员的热舒适性;在夏季满足气流舒适性的前提 下,增大风机转速、降低风罩扰动转速、降低风机送风温度能提升乘员热舒适性;在7种工况中,风机转速1400 rpm、 风罩扰动转速3.25 rpm、送风温度 20℃时的车厢内温度和速度分布均匀,乘员微环境热流场最佳,热舒适性较好, 为0.766。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Subway carriages are ventilated from the outside world through fans, which regulate the temperature, humidity, and wind speed of the internal environment of the carriages, improve air quality, and enhance the thermal comfort of passengers. Due to the limited number of applicable thermal comfort evaluation indices, accurately determining the thermal comfort of subway car occupants in transient environments is challenging. This paper first focuses on occupants of a B-type subway compartment as the research subject and proposes the joint application of DR-Berkeley thermal comfort evaluation indexes by considering both airflow comfort and heat sensation. The study then employs the Stolwijk physiological model of human thermal regulation to construct a three-dimensional model of the amplitude-flow fan and an overall simulation model of the subway compartment. Finally, using CFD software, STAR-CCM+, the study analyzes the effects of different fan speeds, fan hood disturbance speeds, and fan air supply temperatures on the micro-environment and thermal comfort of the occupants under seven different conditions during the summer. The results show that the DR-Berkeley thermal comfort evaluation indexes can reasonably evaluate the thermal comfort of subway compartments under the premise of meeting the airflow comfort in summer; increasing the fan speed, reducing the hood disturbance speed, and reducing the fan air supply temperature can improve the thermal comfort of the occupants; in the seven working conditions, the fan speed of 1,400 rpm, the hood disturbance speed of 3.25 rpm, and the air supply temperature of 20 ℃ have a uniform temperature and speed distribution in the compartments. The temperature and velocity distributions in the cabin were uniform, the occupant microenvironmental heat flow field was optimal, and thermal comfort was 0.766. This method can solve the occupant thermal comfort problem more comprehensively, which is of some reference significance for optimizing the thermal flow field environment in subway compartments and upgrading occupant thermal comfort.
[中图分类号]
U231
[基金项目]
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般251)